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Video Title: Project Scheduling
Description: Project Scheduling
Watch more Videos at https://www.tutorialspoint.com/videotutorials/index.htm
Lecture By: Mr. Arnab Chakraborty, Tutorials Point India Private Limited
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In this session, we are going to discuss
project scheduling.

Project scheduling in a project refers to
roadmap of all activities to be done with

specified order and within time slot
allotted to each activity.

That means, a project will be consisting
of multiple different activities and in

which order they are supposed to get
executed.

Whether they will be executed in sequence
in a serial form or they will be executing

concurrently in parallel.

So, that has to be decided in our project
scheduling.

Project managers tend to define various
tasks and project milestones and then

arrange them keeping various factors in
mind.

Milestones are nothing but activities with
a duration zero.

So, these milestones will be denoting
the demarcation

of end of one task and beginning of
another task.

Sometimes, end of one phase and beginning
of another phase.

So, in between, we
shall put a milestone to indicate

that there is an end
and there is a beginning.

So, this is our segregation.

So, they look for task like in critical
path in the schedule which are necessary

to complete in specific
manner because of task

interdependency
and strictly within the time allocated.

So, always if it is not mentioned also
then also we put one milestone known as

the start and another milestone known as
the stop or finish.

So, now in between
we are having multiple

activities are getting
executed either in parallel.

So, all these activities will be flowing
through a path from start to finish.

So, the path
which will have the maximum duration

adding the activity
duration falling on the path.

So, we are going to get the duration of
the path.

And the path with the maximum duration is
known as a critical path.

And that critical path will actually decide
and determine the duration of the project.

So, duration
of the project will get decided or will

get determined by
the duration of the critical path.

A project may have multiple critical paths
in its operation.

So, all those activities which are falling
on the critical path will be known as the

bottleneck
activities because those activities are

to be finished
within the stipulated estimated time.

So, arrangement of tasks which lies out of
the critical path

are less likely
to impact overall schedule of the project.

So, those activities which are not
critical activities, which are not

bottleneck activities falling on
non-critical paths.

So, they might be having During some slack
time or free time or float time,

whatever the term you want to use,
you can use.

So, free time, slack time or float time,
float time that means that those

activities can be delayed for a certain
period of time without affecting the

project duration.

So, for scheduling a project, it is
necessary to break down the project tasks

into smaller manageable form.

We should not go for a very minor division
of tasks.

Otherwise, the task will become
unmanageable and uncontrollable.

So, find out
various tasks and correlate them and

estimate time
frame required for each and every task.

So, whatever the duration we are
estimating for the task will be the

estimated value means the approximate
value.

When the
project will be in execution, then only

we can get
the actual value of the task duration.

But, our estimated
value must be very much

realistic, very much
close to the realistic value.

So, that there will be
a very small deviations we can expect

in the project
execution regarding this time estimation.

So, divide time into
work units and assign

adequate number
of work units for each task.

So, what is the unit here?

Unit means resource unit.

If a resource is available
for full time, full-skilled

resource
I can consider it as unit of 100 percent.

But, if we consider say 50 percent unit of
a particular resource means either

full-skilled
resource working for half of the day

or half-skilled resource
working for full day.

So, there is a 50 percent unit.

If you consider 200 percent unit of
resource, that means two full skilled

persons are working on that respective
task.

So, calculate total time required for the
project from start to finish.

So, how to calculate the total time
required in between the start to finish?

That is the duration of the critical path.

So, let us suppose we have taken one
example here.

So, here we are having the task lists.

So, how many tasks we are having?

12 tasks we are having.

And here the duration in days,
it has got mentioned.

And this is our task dependency.

That means, task 3 can be initiated only
after completion of task T1.

Task 5 can be initiated after completion
of both task T2 and task T4.

And in between, there is a milestone
called M2.

So, this is a tabular representation of
our task scheduling.

But from here, it is very difficult to
comprehend.

From here, it is very difficult to get the
project duration.

So, we should have some graphical
representation.

This graphical representation against this
particular table can be of two terms,

two forms.

First one is our activity network diagram
and next one is our bar chart.

So, let me go for the activity network
diagram.

So, this is the activity
network diagram which

you have developed
from the previous table.

So, let us do some cross check.

You can get the idea.

So, T5 will be having the duration of 10
days and T5 can be initiated after

completion of both T2 and T4 and then
milestone M2.

So, now just consider this one here.

So, please try to find out T5 here.

Where is the T5?

I am finding T5 here.

What is the duration of T5?

10 days.

So, which are the predecessor of T5?

T2 and T4 having got duration of 15 days
and 10 days.

You can get it from the table also.

And after crossing the milestone M2,
so in this way you can find that whatever

was written in this particular table,
it has got depicted in this particular

activity network diagram.

You see in the table there is no start,
there is no finish.

But in the activity network
diagram, we have

inserted this start and
the finish milestones.

And here you see I am just showing you one
of the paths.

So, that is one path.

That is another path.

In this way, you can have multiple paths
between this start and finish.

Now, let us calculate the duration of this
respective path.

What is the days here?

10 days.

Milestone will always have the duration 0.

And what is the duration here?

25 days.

So, what is the duration of this path?

35 days.

In this way, I shall have to calculate
durations of all paths.

At the path with
the maximum duration, we will be deciding

the project duration and will be known as
the critical path.

And those activities which will be falling
on the critical path will be known as

critical activities, also known as
bottleneck activities.

And they will be having 0 float time or
free time.

But those activities which will not be
falling on the critical path, they will be

having some float time.

So, this is the respective bar diagram.

This is the respective bar diagram.

So, now see this This is my T5 and here
you see this is my T2 and T4.

So, after completion
of T2 and T4 then only T5

has got instantiated,
has got initiated rather.

So, now here
you see we are having two portions,

one is the
unshaded and the one is the shaded.

So, what is the difference between shaded
and unshaded region?

Shaded region means it was estimated prior
beginning the project that T4 will be

taking this duration like this one.

So, let me go for the cross check ones.

So, what was the division for T4?

That is our 10 days.

So, now, what is the difference between
these 2 dates?

So, 18th July and there is a 4th July.

So, what is the difference between these 2
dates?

So, we are having
here 14 days but we got the estimate

that it would be taken 10 days, then
why 4 days extra?

Because here we are having 2 weekends.

So, that is why Here 2 plus 2.

So, 4 days are coming extra.

So, that is why we are having.

So, whenever we are estimating
a task will be taking 10 days

of time that means 10 working
days not including the week days.

So, here that is why the duration is got
14 days.

But somehow due to some unavailability of
the resources, material resources,

manpower resources, due to heavy rain,
bad climate, due to the change in the

government or the company policy,
the tax has got delayed and it has got

extended to this particular date.

That is the 15,000.

So, this is the elongated portion and it
was the estimated portion.

So, in this way this bar diagram has been
depicted.

So, obviously, tabular representation is
okay with us.

But to have the more comprehensive
representation where you can do some

predictions, where you can do some
estimations more

accurate will
be requiring some graphical representation.

So, in this way we have discussed the
project scheduling.

Thanks for watching this video.

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